Effect of chemical treatment of pineapple crown fiber in the production, chemical composition, crystalline structure, thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetic properties of cellulosic materials.

Recently, the growing environmental concerns and economic demands have driven the need to develop effective solutions for the treatment of vegetal fibers to be used as renewable source for various industrial applications. The present study aimed to explore pineapple crown fibers (PCs) as an alternative source of cellulose. The three treatments (alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR), alkaline (AT), and organosolv) evaluated promoted chemical and morphological changes to the PCs. Fresh and treated PCs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and chemical composition. The XRD results showed that the Cellulose-I allomorph was not altered during extraction, and that the crystallinity index of the fibers treated with AT, first bleaching step, second bleaching step, and the second bleaching step followed by KOH treatment (2B_KOH) increased to 77.8; 83.2; 83.5 and 86% when compared with fresh PC (62.3%). Results from the thermal analysis revealed that thermal stability increased for the isolated cellulose, and the maximum degradation for (2B_KOH) is 350 °C. Chemical composition results showed a decrease in the content of hemicellulose, lignin and other soluble materials after alkaline treatment, suggesting high-quality 2B_KOH with 74.6% of cellulose. SEM revealed changes in the morphological structure on fibers. Alkaline treatment followed by H2O2 bleaching is an excellent alternative for the removal of non-cellulosic material and facilitates the isolation of cellulose. These results suggested that there is a potential to isolate cellulose from PC via the sequence of treatment of a methodology by chlorite-free.

Marginal bone loss in the second molar related to impacted mandibular third molars: comparison between panoramic images and cone beam computed tomography

BACKGROUND: Deciding whether or not to extract third molars remains a controversial situation in dental practice. Image exams support this decision by enabling a close view of the third molar, its adjacent bone and its relationship with the second molar. This study aimed to assess and compare second molar bone loss adjacent to impacted mandibular third molar in panoramic radiographs (PAN) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 70 patients was selected (n=124 teeth). Each patient had a set of a panoramic radiograph and CBCT scans consecutively taken for dental treatment purposes. In PAN and CBCT, mandibular third molars were classified based on their position and bone loss of the adjacent second molar. Agreement between PAN and CBCT scans was assessed and quantified. RESULTS: Outcomes of bone loss assessment were different between PAN and CBCT scans (p < 0.05). Bone loss was found in 62.9% of the PAN, while in CBCT scans it was found in 80%. In particular, nearly 29% (n=27) of the teeth that were classified without bone loss in PAN were classified with bone loss in CBCT scans. Mesioangular and horizontal third molars had a statistically significant association with bone loss of the adjacent second molars (p < 0.05). In general, PAN underestimated the severity of bone loss compared to CBCT scans (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosing second molar bone loss due to impaction of adjacent third molar in PAN may be challenging because of false negatives. Impacted third molars justify preoperative CBCT scans if second molar bone loss needs to be precisely assessed for a more detailed and reliable treatment plan

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Effect of Implant Platform Connection and Abutment Material on Removal Torque and Implant Hexagon Plastic Deformation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plastic deformation of the hexagonal connection, and the removal torque of the implant-abutment joint of two dental implants combined with internal or external hexagonal connection implants after mechanical cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four dental implants were used in the study. Half of the implants had internal hexagonal connections (IH; Titamax II Plus) and the other half had external hexagonal connections (EH; Titamax Ti Ex). Four groups of two types of dental implant abutments (titanium: Ti, UCLA II Plus and zirconia: Zr, fabricated by CAD/CAM; n = 6) were investigated. The abutments received a metallic crown and the settings were submitted to mechanical cycling (MC; 106 cycles, axial load, 120N). The connection surface area was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The removal torque was evaluated and the plastic deformation of the hexagonal surface of the implant was measured by comparing the images before and after MC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Paired-t test was used to analyze the data statistically at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS: The torque values decreased for all groups after MC, and the hexagonal surface area decreased due to plastic deformation for IH and EH associated with Zr abutments. CONCLUSIONS: Zirconia abutments showed the worst plastic deformation of the implant connection surface and torque loosening when associated with IH implant.

Efeitos de um microciclo de Crossfit® em variáveis da carga interna de treinamento / Effects of a Crossfit® microcycle on internal training load variables / Efectos de un microciclo de Crossfit®en variables de la carga interna de entrenamiento

Investigar o efeito de um microciclo habitual de CrossFit®em indicadores da carga interna de treinamento. Participaram do estudo noveindivíduos com média de idade de 28,5±3,4anos. Frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCrep), variabilidade da FC, testes físicos e o perfil de hu-mor foram mensurados no primeiro (PRÉ) e no último dia (PÓS) de um microciclo. Foram aplicados testes tpareados e o tamanho de efeito por dCohen. Dentre os principais achados,a FCrep aumentou (4,3%; p<0,001), o rMSSD reduziu (-8,8%; p=0,04) e o desempenho físico reduziu (-2,5 a -6%; p<0,05).O microciclo de CrossFit®investigado promoveu efeito negati-vo na carga interna dos praticantes como resultado de fadiga acumulada em apenas uma se-mana de treinamento.

To investigate the effect of a typical CrossFit®microcycle on central and peripheral indicators of the internal training load. Nine individuals with mean age of 28.5±3.4 yo. Resting heart rate (HRR), HR variability, physical tests and mood profile were measured on the first (PRE) and on the last day (POS) of a microcycle. Paired t tests and Cohen's d were applied. Among the main findings, resting heart rate (HRR) increased (4.3%; p <0.001), rMSSD decreased (-8.8%, p = 0.04) and physical performance decreased (-2.5 to -6%, p <0.05). The investigated CrossFit® microcycle promoted a significant negative effecton the internal load aspects of the practitioners as a result of accumulated fatigue in only one week of training.

Investigar el efecto de un microciclo habitual de CrossFit® en indicadores de la carga interna de entrenamiento. Materiales y métodos:Participaron del estudio 9 individuos con edad de 28,5±3,4 años. La frecuencia cardíaca de reposo (FCrep), la variabilidad de FC, las pruebas físicas y el perfil de humor se midieron en el primer (PRÉ) y en el último día (POS) de un microciclo. Se aplicaron pruebas tpareadas y el tamaño de efecto por dCohen. Resultados:Entre los principales hallazgos a FCrep aumentó (4,3%, p<0,001), el rMSSD redujo (-8,8%, p=0,04) yel desempeño físico disminuyó (-2,5 a -6%, p<0,05). Conclusión:El microciclo de CrossFit® investigado suscitó efecto negativo en la carga interna como resultado de fatiga acumulada en apenas una semana de entrenamiento.

Proposição de protocolo de assistência perioperatória em um Pronto Socorro de Cirurgia de Trauma / Proposition of perioperative care protocol of Trauma Surgery Emergency Unit

Introdução: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a assistência perioperatória aos pacientes com trauma para estabelecimento dos aspectos fundamentais para elaboração de um protocolo de atendimento; identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e terapêutico de pacientes com traumas, atendidos em um serviço de pronto socorro cirúrgico, em uma instituição pública; e propor um protocolo de assistência de enfermagem perioperatória com base neste perfil e na demanda de necessidades desta clientela. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa do estudo foi realizada mediante a Revisão Integrativa (RI), fundamentada na Prática Baseada em Evidências, com delimitação temática com a estratégia PICO, para responder a questão: "Quais as evidências científicas sobre a assistência de enfermagem perioperatória para pacientes com traumas nas unidades de pronto atendimento?" para elaboração de um protocolo perioperatório com busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e Medline (Index Medicus Eletrônico da National Library of Medicine). Resultados: A amostra final de 13 artigos científicos evidenciou a necessidade de padronização dos cuidados específicos no pré, intra e pós-operatórios para o atendimento de pacientes com traumas nas unidades de atendimento hospitalar, que subsidiaram a elaboração do protocolo de assistência perioperatória para pacientes com traumas em um Pronto Socorro de Cirurgia. Na segunda etapa, com o estudo descritivo transversal foi obtida a caracterização da clientela (Parecer No. 115/2018 CEP/EERP-USP - CAAE 87824418.8.0000.5393), que definiu a especificidade sociodemográfico, clínico e terapêutico de pacientes com traumas e direcionamento para a elaboração final do protocolo. Conclusões: O protocolo proposto contempla os componentes Caracterização da Clientela, Definição das opções terapêuticas, Implementação do protocolo e Implantação do protocolo. Acreditamos que este protocolo poderá contribuir efetivamente na padronização das ações para a melhoria da assistência aos pacientes com traumas em um serviço de pronto socorro

Introduction: This is a methodological study. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the perioperative assistance to patients with trauma to establish the fundamental aspects for the elaboration of a care protocol; to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic profile of patients with trauma, attended at a surgical emergency service, in a public institution; and to propose a perioperative nursing care protocol based on this profile and on the needs of this clientele. Method: A two-step methodological study. The first stage of the study with the Integrative Review (IR), was based on the Evidence Based Practice, with thematic delimitation with the PICO strategy, to answer the question: "What scientific evidence on perioperative nursing care for patients with trauma in emergency care units?" for the elaboration of a perioperative protocol with a search in the Scopus, Web of Science and Medline (Index Medicus Electronic of the National Library of Medicine) databases. Results: The final sample of 13 scientific articles evidenced the need for standardization of specific preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care for the treatment of trauma patients in the hospital care units, which supported the elaboration of the perioperative care protocol for patients with trauma in emergency unit. In the second stage, with the descriptive cross-sectional study was the characterization of the clientele (CEP/EERP-USP No. 115/2018 - CAAE 87824418.8.0000.5393), which defined the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic specificity of patients with traumas and directed to the final elaboration of the protocol. Conclusions: The proposed protocol includes the components Characterization of the Client, Definition of the therapeutic options, Implementation of the protocol and Implementation of Customers, Definition of therapeutic options, Protocol implementation and Protocol deployment. We believe that this protocol can effectively contribute to the standardization of actions to improve the care of patients with trauma in a first aid service

Pectin extraction from pomegranate peels with citric acid.

Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum.

Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology.

A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR was also used to determine DM and GA of pectins. Harsh temperature and pH conditions enhanced the extraction yield, but decreased DM. GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0.

A perspective on the potential risks of emerging contaminants to human and environmental health.

Technological, agricultural, and medical advances have improved the lifestyle of humankind. However, these advances have caused new problems that affect the environment and future generations. Emerging contaminants display properties such as low degradation potential and environmental persistence. In addition, most contaminants are lipophilic, which culminates in high bioaccumulation. The disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the environment underlies microbial and bacterial resistance. Plasticizers change several characteristics of industrialized materials, such as flexibility, but they are potentially carcinogenic and disrupt the endocrine system. Pesticides prevent the propagation of numerous kinds of pests; nevertheless, they exert neurotoxic and mutagenic effects, and they impact the environment negatively. Addition of flame retardants to a number of materials prevents flame propagation; however, after their release into the environment, these chemicals may bioaccumulate in organisms and disrupt the endocrine system, too. Surfactants can change the surface and interfacial properties of liquids, but their presence in the environment can interfere with countless enzymes and can even impair the endocrine system of various organisms and induce the feminization of species. Hence, gaining knowledge about emerging contaminants is increasingly important to minimize future damage and enable proper monitoring of each class of compounds in the environment which will help to improve legislation on this matter.

Um estudo da ação significativa no viés informacional / A study of meaningful action from informational standpoint

Neste trabalho, discutimos o papel do conceito de informação significativa no contexto da ação dos seres vivos. Argumentaremos que a proposta da causalidade mecânica não é capaz de explicar a complexidade das ações significativas dos organismos. Isto porque, em termos físicos, o melhor que se pode fazer é descrever a trajetória e troca de forças presente nos movimentos, mas não o significado das ações. Uma vez que as abordagens mecânicas da ação não englobam o aspecto significativo das ações, discutimos duas perspectivas informacionais que lidam com a relação informação/ação/significado, quais sejam: (i) a informacional-representacionista e (ii) a ecológico informacional. Por fim, discutimos as contribuições e limites de tais perspectivas para o estudo relação entre informação significativa e ação.

This paper aims to investigate the concept of meaningful action within the context of the action of living beings. We will argue that the proposal of mechanic causation is not enough to explain the complexity involved in organisms’ actions; in physical terms, the best it can do is to describe the trajectory and the force exchange, but not the meaningful action. Since causal explanations do not encompass the meaningful aspect of actions, we will discuss two informational perspectives that deal with the relation between information/ action/meaning, such as: (i) the informationalrepresentationist and (ii) the informantionalecological. Finally, we will discuss the contributions and limits of both approaches to the understanding of the relation between meaningful information and action.

Um estudo da ação significativa no viés informacional / A study of meaningful action from informational standpoint

Neste trabalho, discutimos o papel do conceito de informação significativa no contexto da ação dos seres vivos. Argumentaremos que a proposta da causalidade mecânica não é capaz de explicar a complexidade das ações significativas dos organismos. Isto porque, em termos físicos, o melhor que se pode fazer é descrever a trajetória e troca de forças presente nos movimentos, mas não o significado das ações. Uma vez que as abordagens mecânicas da ação não englobam o aspecto significativo das ações, discutimos duas perspectivas informacionais que lidam com a relação informação/ação/significado, quais sejam: (i) a informacional-representacionista e (ii) a ecológico informacional. Por fim, discutimos as contribuições e limites de tais perspectivas para o estudo relação entre informação significativa e ação.

This paper aims to investigate the concept of meaningful action within the context of the action of living beings. We will argue that the proposal of mechanic causation is not enough to explain the complexity involved in organisms’ actions; in physical terms, the best it can do is to describe the trajectory and the force exchange, but not the meaningful action. Since causal explanations do not encompass the meaningful aspect of actions, we will discuss two informational perspectives that deal with the relation between information/ action/meaning, such as: (i) the informationalrepresentationist and (ii) the informantionalecological. Finally, we will discuss the contributions and limits of both approaches to the understanding of the relation between meaningful information and action.

Um estudo da ação significativa no viés informacional / A study of meaningful action from informational standpoint

Neste trabalho, discutimos o papel do conceito de informação significativa no contexto da ação dos seres vivos. Argumentaremos que a proposta da causalidade mecânica não é capaz de explicar a complexidade das ações significativas dos organismos. Isto porque, em termos físicos, o melhor que se pode fazer é descrever a trajetória e troca de forças presente nos movimentos, mas não o significado das ações. Uma vez que as abordagens mecânicas da ação não englobam o aspecto significativo das ações, discutimos duas perspectivas informacionais que lidam com a relação informação/ação/significado, quais sejam: (i) a informacional-representacionista e (ii) a ecológico informacional. Por fim, discutimos as contribuições e limites de tais perspectivas para o estudo relação entre informação significativa e ação.

This paper aims to investigate the concept of meaningful action within the context of the action of living beings. We will argue that the proposal of mechanic causation is not enough to explain the complexity involved in organisms' actions; in physical terms, the best it can do is to describe the trajectory and the force exchange, but not the meaningful action. Since causal explanations do not encompass the meaningful aspect of actions, we will discuss two informational perspectives that deal with the relation between information/ action/meaning, such as: (i) the informationalrepresentationist and (ii) the informantionalecological. Finally, we will discuss the contributions and limits of both approaches to the understanding of the relation between meaningful information and action.

Espondilodiscite como complicação infecciosa de cateterismo cardíaco / Spondylodiscitis ss Infectious complication of cardiac catheterization

A espondilodiscite é a principal manifestação da osteomielite vertebral hematogênica em pacientes >50 anos, sendo o Staphylococcus aureus o agente envolvido na maioria dos casos. O diagnóstico clínico é dificultado pela inespecificidade dos sintomas e pela baixa incidência. Suas consequências podem ser desastrosas principalmente quando se compromete a coluna espinhal. Este relato apresenta caso de espondilodiscite por S. aureus após angioplastia coronariana percutânea.

Spondylodiscitis is the main manifestation of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis in patients over 50 years old, with Staphylococcus aureus the agent involved in most cases. Clinical diagnosis is complicated by nonspecific symptoms and low incidence. The consequences can be disastrous, especially when affecting the spine. This report presents a case of spondylodiscitis caused by S. aureus after percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

Preparation and characterization of cellulose/hydrous niobium oxide hybrid.

A composite of cellulose extracted from bagasse with Nb2O5·nH2O in three different proportions (16.67, 37.5 and 50.0 wt%) was prepared using the co-precipitation method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TG data obtained show that the presence of inorganic material influenced slightly the stability of the hybrid material. The precipitation of 16.67 wt.% of oxide was sufficient to inhibit the combustion peaks present in the DSC curve of cellulose. This work will help find new applications for these materials.

Análise de moldes em prótese sobreimplantes: levantamento de dados em laboratórios de prótese na cidade de Goiânia

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi fazer um levantamento da confecção de próteses implantossuportadas na cidade de Goiânia, Brasil. Para isso, foram aplicados 150 formulários a três laboratórios de prótese dentária da cidade de Goiânia, abordando fatores relacionados aos procedimentos de moldagem, tamanho das próteses e seleção de componentes. Cada formulário foi aplicado para cada caso clínico, perfazendo um total de 150 casos analisados. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a frequência de próteses unitárias foi de 41% da amostra e de 59% para próteses múltiplas. Para próteses unitárias a técnica de moldagem mais utilizada foi de moldeira fechada (p<0,001), enquanto que a técnica de moldeira aberta com transferentes unidos foi mais utilizada nos casos de próteses múltiplas (p<0,001) O pilar mais utilizado foi o UCLA calcinável (p<0,001) tanto para próteses unitárias como múltiplas. Foi verificado também que o material de moldagem mais usado foi o silicone por condensação e que não houve correlação entre a técnica de moldagem, o material e o tamanho das próteses

Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de modelos odontológicos obtidos em resina de poliuretano / Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of odontological models in polyurethane resin

Este estudo avaliou o comportamento mecânico de uma resina de poliuretano Quartz-die (Zermack - Itália) empregada na modelagem odontológica comparando-a com o gesso tipo IV Durone (Dentsply - Brasil). Uma matriz metálica moldada com silicona de condensação Speedex (Coltène - Suiça) proporcionou corpos de prova com 12mm de altura por 6mm de diâmetro. Oito corpos de prova em resina de poliuretano e oito em gesso tipo IV (Durone) foram submetidos a ensaio de compressão na máquina de ensaios universal EMIC DL 2000, com célula de carga de 2000Kgf e velocidade de 0,05mm/min. Oito corpos de prova em resina de poliuretano e oito em gesso tipo IV obtidos a partir de uma matriz metálica hexagonal foram ensaiados noDurômetro Sussen Wolpert tipo Testor HTl, empregando penetrador esférico de 12,7mm, estabelecendo valores para dureza Rockwell. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos ao teste não-paramétrico de Kruskall-Walliscom p<0,05. Dentro dos parâmetros adotados neste estudo pôde-se concluir que a resina de poliuretano Quartz-die apresentou menor resistência à compressão e menor dureza superficial que o gesso tipo IV Durone.